这部纪录片中，有一些画面会令观众不悦， 包括档案记载的照片及对战争激烈氛围的记录。 建议观众谨慎观看
-Ulysses S. Grant. -尤利西斯 S.格兰特。
This man's name is U. S. Grant. 这名字简称就是“联邦”格兰特。
-A military life had no charms for me. -军旅生活对我毫无吸引力。
-Grant, you know the rules about drink. -格兰特，你知道军队关于饮酒的管理条例。
Resign or court-martial. 辞职或者上军事法庭，
-I'm not asking you to speak. -我没有要求你去演讲。
I'm asking you to lead. 我是要求你去领兵。
-There were but two parties now, -现在只有两个党派，
traitors and patriots. -爱国者和叛国者。
I believe if I can take both forts, 我相信我能拿下这两个要塞，
we can advance as far as Nashville. 我们能够挺进到纳什维尔。
-When I wish to consult you on the subject, -当我需要你在某事上提出建议时，
I will notify you. 我会通知你的。
-General Buell's men? -布尔将军的人马呢？
-They're three days out. -都过去三天了。
-We'll move on Corinth when he gets here. -当他来汇合后，我们就进军科林斯。
There is little doubt that Corinth will fall easily. 毫无疑问，科林斯很容易就会沦陷。
-Fire! -开火！
-Come on, now, boys, pitch in. -来吧，小伙子们，都振作起来。
I'm right behind you. 我就在你们身后。
Fire the cannon! 开炮！
-Very few people really know who Ulysses S. Grant was. -很少有人真正了解尤利西斯 S.格兰特。
-Today there is this sense that he's forgotten. -今天的人们似乎都已经忘记了他。
-He's been called so many things over the years. -这么多年来，他被世人冠以这么多的称呼。
-The greatest general of his time. -他那个时代的最伟大的将军。
-A military genius. -一个军事天才。
-A bloody butcher. -一个血腥的屠夫。
-A corrupt president. -一个腐败的总统。
-A belligerent drunk who got lucky. -一个走运的好战酒鬼。
He didn't get lucky. 他并不走运。
-Ulysses S. Grant is this perfectly average, -尤利西斯 S.格兰特绝对是出生在一个贫穷，生活艰难的家庭
humble individual from a poor,hardscrabble background. 他就是一个谦卑的个人。
-With a lot of hard times and failures in his life. -在他的生活中，有很多艰难的时刻和失败。
-But he's got this dogged determination, -但是，他怀揣着斗牛犬般的
this bulldog mentality. 决心和意志。
-This guy comes from nothing, -这家伙从身无分文
rises to the highest ranks 到在联邦军队中
of the Union army. 攫升为最高军衔。
-Fights bloody,terrible battles. -打起仗来不要命，尤擅在逆境中战斗。
-With indomitable will. -带着一股不屈不挠的意志。
-To save the Union. -挽救联邦。
-To heal his country. -治愈这个国家。
-To lead the nation towards justice for everybody. -领导这个国家的每个人走向公正。
-He's the unheroic hero -在美国内战期间，在这个伟大民族的史诗中，
of our greatest national epic, the American Civil War. 他是最不像英雄的英雄。
-It's truly an American story -这是一个真正的美国故事，
not only of patriotism to the nation 不光讲述的是这个民族的爱国主义，
but for the values, who we are, 也是探求我们是谁，以及
and who we aspire to be. 我们渴望成为什么样的人。
格兰特 翻译:hardstick 校订：hardstick
1862年四月8日，夏伊洛之战
-Dear Julia... -亲爱的朱莉娅...
the battle at this place was the most desperate 在这里的战斗是美洲大陆上
that has ever taken place on the continent, 发生过的最令人绝望的战斗，
and I don't look for another like it. 我想，别再有这样的战斗了。
-The battle of Shiloh is the bloodiest battle —夏伊洛战役是到那时为止 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
in American history up to that time. 美国历史上最血腥的战役。 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
The nation is shocked 伤亡报告一出来，
when the casualty reports come out. 全国都感到震惊。
-Grant doesn't come out of Shiloh looking very good. -格兰特从夏伊洛出来时脸色不太好。 （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
You know, he was "Unconditional Surrender" Grant 你要知道，他从唐纳森堡的那位
at Fort Donelson, "无条件投降"格兰特，
became a hero. 成为了英雄。
And now all of a sudden, people are asking, 现在，所有的人都在问，
"What happened?" “发生了什么？”。
-The casualty list and the fact that Grant -伤亡名单和格兰特第一天就意外地
was surprised on the first day 出师不利的事实
overshadow the fact of the victory. 掩盖了取得胜利的事实。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
-Rumors start reaching Washington -谣言开始传到华盛顿，人们解释了
that explain that surprise as Grant must be 这个意外失利，格兰特肯定
on the bottle once again. 又喝醉了。
But the president answered 但是总统回应
those critical of Grant by saying, 那些批评格兰特的人说:
"I can't spare this man. “我不能弃用这个人。
He fights." 他能打仗。”
1862年五月28日，密西西比州，科林斯郊外 （夏伊洛之战的七周后）
-After the bloodbath of Shiloh... -在夏洛伊的血雨腥风之后…
Grant's superior, 格兰特的上级
Henry W. Halleck, 亨利 W.哈勒克
removes Grant from his army command... 解除了格兰特的军队指挥权。
with no duties, 不再负责，
no real authority, nothing. 也无授权，什么都没有。
-Grant is so frustrated by this. -格兰特对此很沮丧。
Halleck is not aggressive, 哈勒克没有进取心，
and then you have someone like Grant, 然后你有格兰特这样的手下时，
who is very go-get-'em. 他能把一切事情都搞定。
He's ready to jump in,grab the initiative. 他已经准备好了，抢占主动权。
Grant wants to finish off 格兰特想要消灭 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
what's left of the Confederate army 在夏伊洛偷袭他的 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
that attacked him at Shiloh 南部邦联军队， （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
but are having time to reorganize themselves 但敌人有时间重新组织自己的部队，
as they fall back into Corinth. 因为他们已经退回到了科林斯。
-They're well defended. -他们的防守还挺严密。
I would say quite active. 我觉得非常有效。
They're preparing for battle. 他们已经正在备战。
-Respectfully,General Halleck, that smoke? -恕我直言，哈勒克将军，那些烟是怎么回事？
It's plain.They're burning supplies. 很显然，他们在烧补给品。
It suggests they're preparing to retreat, sir. 这表明他们准备撤退，长官。
-Hear that? -听见了吗？
I knew it. 我知道。
Trains coming in every day. 那趟火车每天都来。
They're reinforcing. 他们正在获得增援。
-Again, sir, I differ.This is a retreat. -再说一遍，长官，我持不同意见。这是他们在撤退。
Our railroad men have ears on the tracks. 我们的铁道工人，在他们那里安插了耳目。
They say it's empty trains coming in 他们说，那趟列车是空车而来
and loaded ones going out. 满载而去。
They're withdrawing. 他们在分批撤退。
Let's move on them now... 让我们马上行动吧...
-Enough, Grant. -够了，格兰特。
After Shiloh, I'd have thought you'd have learned your lesson. 经过夏伊洛之战，我认为你已经吸取了教训。
-Grant is like, "Speed,tempo...these are weapons -格兰特的意思是，“速度，时机...这些是
that can be used for an adversary that's on the run." 对付逃跑中的敌人的武器。”
Grant recognizes there's an opportunity, 格兰特知道，这是一次机会， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
but he also knows the windows of opportunity 但同时，他也知道，利用这次机会的 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
are very small, 时间差很小，
and if you don't take advantage of them, 如果你不赶紧抓住时机，
they'll pass you by. 机会就从你身边溜走了。
And Grant sees this as a missed opportunity. 而格兰特认为，这是一次千载难逢的机会。
两天后，密西西比州，科林斯
-General. -将军。
-Rebs are gone. -叛军逃了。
Nothing but a bunch of scarecrows. 除了一堆稻草人什么都没有。
-Send a telegraph to the president. -给总统发电报。
Corinth is ours. 科林斯是我们的了。
It's a great Union victory. 这是联邦的一次伟大胜利。
-The possession of Corinth was of strategic importance, -占领科林斯，具有战略意义，
but the victory was barren in every other particular. 除此之外，这场胜利就乏善可陈了。
Corinth had already been evacuated. 科林斯守军已经转移了。
A well-directed attack would at least have partially 假如有一次有针对性的攻击，至少可以部分地
destroyed the defending army. 歼灭守军。
-Corinth has fallen.Grant is like, -科林斯被攻克了。格兰特想说，
"Great, this is an opportunity to strike out. “太好了，这是一个出击的机会。
We should go to Atlanta.We should go to Vicksburg." 我们应该进军亚特兰大。我们应该攻下维克斯堡。”
And what happens? Halleck sits tight. 结果如何呢？ 哈勒克却按兵不动。
He disperses the army, 他分散了兵力，
and things slow down in the western theater. 西部战争舞台的局势就慢了下来。
-Keep in mind that in the early years of the war, -请记住，在战争的早期， （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
there are really two distinct theaters. 有两个截然不同的战争舞台。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
The west is where Grant is. 西部舞台有格兰特参加。
And there's the eastern theater, 而在东部的战争舞台，
and this is the fights of the Union army 上演着，北方联邦军与
against essentially the Army of Northern Virginia of Lee. 罗伯特.李的北弗吉尼亚军团的大战。
-So while Grant has been demoted out west, -格兰特在西部被降职，
in the east,Robert E. Lee 而在东部，罗伯特 E.李
has taken over the Army of Northern Virginia. 接管了北弗吉尼亚的方面军。
And the average result in the eastern theater 在东部战场的双方的总体结果是，
is that the Union army loses 北方联邦军输给了
to an undermanned Confederate army. 人手不足的南方邦联军。
- In the east, Lincoln's experience with his generals -在东部战场，林肯和他的将军们的经历
had been bad, trending to worse. 很糟糕，甚至有恶化的趋势。
-Abraham Lincoln had seen Robert E. Lee defeat -亚伯拉罕·林肯曾目睹罗伯特 E.李击败了 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
an entire bench of Union commanders. 一大批联邦指挥官。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
-By this time, Grant is in a bad situation too. -这时，格兰特的处境也很糟糕。 （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
That second year of the war is just not very good for him. 战争的第二年对他来说,不是很好。
In fact, he calls it, of course, 事实上，他称之为战争中
the darkest days of the war. 最黑暗的日子。
-Dear Julia,I am no longer boss. -亲爱的朱莉娅，我再也不颐指气使了。
What the next move is or the part I am to take, 下一步的行动，或者我担当的角色是什么，
I do not know. 我不知道。
威廉 T.谢尔曼，少将
-What's going on? -要怎么办？
-I've had enough. -我已经受够了。
I'm resigning. 我想辞职。
-Oh, for God's sake. -噢，看在上帝的份儿上。
-Look, I want to fight and win this war, -听着，我是想打仗并获胜的，
but if Halleck has me sit it out, 但是哈勒克却让我坐冷板凳，
I might as well sit it out at home. 我还不如回家去坐呢。
-You're not resigning. -你别辞职。
-If I can't fight,well, then I'm useless. -我不打仗，还有什么用。
-Sam, you're the most useful man we have. -萨姆，你是我们中最有用的人。
I know it. You know... By God, Lincoln? 我知道。你知道...天啊，林肯知道吗？
He knows it. 他知道的。
-Look at this. -看这个。
It says I was drunk at Shiloh. 上面写着：我是在夏伊洛喝醉酒了。
-Oh, hell. -噢，见鬼。
Forget the papers. 别理会这些报纸。
Listen. 听着。
You know the next move is Vicksburg. 你知道下一个目标就是维克斯堡。
You can take Vicksburg. 你能拿下维克斯堡。
Who else can do it? 还有谁能做到？
Halleck? 哈勒克吗？
-Vicksburg. -维克斯堡。
Lincoln was right. 林肯是对的。
Vicksburg is the key. 维克斯堡是关键。
-Controlling Vicksburg allowed food and other goods -控制维克斯堡，就能让食物和其他货物 （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
to move freely across the Mississippi 自由地渡过密西西比河 （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
and get onto railcars 并能让这些物资装运上铁轨，
and feed the Confederacy in the east. 以便供应东部战场的南方邦联军队。
Without it, the Confederacy can be cut in two. 失去了它，南军就被切成了两半。
But for any army in history, 但对于历史上任何一支军队来说，
capturing Vicksburg would be a daunting task. 攻占维克斯堡是一项艰巨的任务。
-The city of Vicksburg is on the east bank -维克斯堡的城区是
of the Mississippi River. 在密西西比河的东岸。
And it is nestled among bluffs that tower 300 feet 它们依偎在比在密西西比河马蹄形弯道处高出
above a horseshoe-shaped bend of the Mississippi. 300英尺高的悬崖之间。
The line of defense consisted of nine major forts 这道防线由九个主要堡垒组成，
connected by a continuous line of trenches and rifle pits 由连绵不断的战壕和散兵坑相连
that stretched for more than eight miles 它绵延有8英里多，
and then 172 big guns. 还有172门大炮。
-Back east, Abraham Lincoln was at that moment -回到东部战场，亚伯拉罕·林肯此时
about to rid himself of his general and chief 正准备换掉他的将军和前敌总指挥
George McClellan, 乔治.麦克莱伦，
and the replacement that he pitches upon 而他要找的人选却是，
is Henry Wager Halleck. 亨利·韦杰·哈勒克。
He brings Halleck east. 他把哈勒克带到东战场。
-And so finally, the clouds part, -最终，拨云见日，
and Halleck gives Grant the authority 哈勒克给了格兰特授权
to command as Grant sees fit, 他可以见机行事，
and the interesting thing is, it takes Grant 有趣的是，格兰特只用了
all of one day 一天时间
to start organizing an offensive against Vicksburg. 就开始组织进攻维克斯堡。
-I would call Grant's Vicksburg campaign -我认为格兰特的维克斯堡战役
his masterpiece. 是他的杰作。
It's the centerpiece of the war. 这是战争的核心。 （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
But Vicksburg was incredibly difficult to get at. 但维克斯堡非常难以靠近。 （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
-When Grant starts this campaign, -当格兰特开始这次战役时，
Grant is on the western side of the river. 他在河的西岸。
Vicksburg, of course, is on the eastern side of the river. 维克斯堡当然是在河的东岸。
-North of Vicksburg was a great, gigantic swamp. -维克斯堡北面是一片巨大的沼泽。
He needs to put his troops on open ground, 他需要把他的军队部署在开阔地带，
but the only open ground is below Vicksburg 但唯一的开阔地带是在维克斯堡的下方，
on the eastern side of the river. 密西西比河的东岸。
Well, how are you going to get troops below Vicksburg? 那你怎么把部队送到维克斯堡的下面?
You just can't send transports and gunboats 你不能派运输船和炮艇去，
because they would have to run the batteries at Vicksburg 因为他们必须穿过在维克斯堡
to get past the defenses. 用于防御的炮台。
-Now, throughout the winter,Grant will orchestrate -现在，整个冬天，格兰特将精心策划
a series of bayou campaigns,as they were called. 一系列的河湾活动，正如他们所说。
-Grant makes seven attempts to get at Vicksburg. -格兰特七次试图接近维克斯堡。
All of these are efforts to get around the city 所有这些，都是为了能够到达城区外围
without having to run those batteries, 而不用穿过那些炮台，
which is their great fear. 那才是他们真正害怕的。
-Among the operations is excavation of a canal. -其中一项行动是挖掘一条运河。
It enthralls Abraham Lincoln, who almost on a daily basis 这计划令亚伯拉罕·林肯痴迷，他几乎每天都会
would send Grant a telegraph asking, 给格兰特发电报询问，
"How's work on the canal coming along?" “运河的工程进行得怎么样了?”
And Grant would send back these very rosy reports. 格兰特会发回这些非常乐观的报告。
But Sherman was far more candid when he said, 但谢尔曼说得更坦率，他说:
"The canal don't amount to much." “那个运河计划没什么了不起。”
And by late March,even Grant would realize 到了三月底，连格兰特都意识到
that this canal was a bust. 这条运河已经泡汤了。
And at this point in time, 此时此刻，
it's the rainy season in Mississippi. 是密西西比州的雨季。
-The whole country was covered with water. -整个地区都被水覆盖了。
Troops could scarcely find dry ground 部队几乎找不到
on which to pitch their tents. 可以搭帐篷的干地。
Malarial fevers broke out among the men. 这些士兵中，爆发了疟疾热病。
-Vicksburg shows a number of qualities of Grant. -维克斯堡展现了格兰特的许多品质。
There's again a degree of determination. 这又需要一定程度的决心。
He tries every which way to come at Vicksburg, 他想方设法接近维克斯堡，
but on any battlefield or in any campaign, 但不论是通过战场还是活动，
results do matter. 结果都枉然。
-Now, at this point in time, -现在，在当时的情况下，
Lincoln changed his generals 林肯就像换自己的衬衫一样，频繁地
almost as frequently as he changed his shirts. 撤换自己的前线将军们。
So Grant realized that his time and his options 于是，格兰特意识到他的时间和他的主动权
were running out. 将要失去了。
-General. -将军。
-Have you heard? -你们读到了吗？
I'm stuck in the mud in northern Mississippi. 我被陷在密西西比流域北部的泥淖里。
Vicksburg. 维克斯堡。
We need to get out of this mud and into the water. 我们得从泥里出来，到水里去。
-What do you mean? -你是什么意思？
-Use the river to advance. -利用河流来进军。
Move our men south. 让我们的人马向南进军。
Ferry them across here. 从这里摆渡他们过河。
-But we'll need to get ships south to transport our men. -现在我们需要搞到船，载着部队向南。
-If we move those ships past the Vicksburg guns, -如果我们把船开过维克斯堡的炮台，
they'll blow us out of the water. 他们会把我们炸飞的。
-It's too risky. -这太冒险了。
-There's no other way. -再也没有别的办法了。
It's time to take a risk. 现在只能冒险了。
Gentlemen... 先生们...
I'm gonna run their guns. 我将闯过他们的火力网。
-This is thought to be suicidal. -这简直就是自杀。
Everybody believes this is a losing proposition. 每个人都认为这项行动会损失惨重。
-The gunboats of the Mississippi squadron, -密西西比分舰队的炮艇，
although they are ironclad, 尽管是装了铁甲，
the roofs of these gunboats 但是，这些炮艇的船顶部
are vulnerable to a plunging fire. 都很脆弱，难以承受俯射下来炮火。
-Sherman cautions him against it. -谢尔曼警告他不要这样冒险。
Sherman says,"I want this on paper 谢尔曼说，“我要在报纸上登出，
that I'm against this." 我反对你这么做。”
And Grant can live with that. 格兰特承认了这点。
-Grant had something to prove during the Civil War. -格兰特在内战期间要证明一些事情。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
He must have known that this was his chance to show 他很清楚，这次是他展现他内心世界的
what he had inside him. 一次机会。
-The plan is, while the boats will run the batteries, -计划是这样的，这些艇闯过炮台，
Grant will march his men down the western side of the river. 格兰特带领他的大部队从河西地区南下。
Ironclads provide protection for his transports. 铁甲为他的运输船提供保护。
The transports are there because they are 运输船到达指定位置，
gonna move his troops from one side 将要把他的地面部队从河的这一边
of the river to the other 摆渡到另一边，
and then run a land campaign 然后就在密西西比河的东岸
to come in from the eastern side. 展开地面攻势。
-In preparation,all the gunboats -在准备工作中，所有的炮艇
are painted black. 都被刷成黑色。
Bales of cotton,bales of hay are stacked 一捆捆的棉花，一捆捆的干草
around the engines to muffle the sounds, 堆在发动机周围，用来消除机器噪声，
as well as out on the gun decks, 它们也堆在炮甲板上，
to absorb incoming rounds of Confederate ammunition. 承受来袭的南军的一轮炮火。
Around 11:00 at night, 大约是在夜里11点钟，
the gunboats and transport vessels, 炮艇和运输船，
in single-file line, will slowly drift 呈一列纵队，顺着水流，悄悄地
with the current. 飘流而下
- Sir, they've set fire to the opposite shore -长官，他们在对岸点上了篝火，
so they can see us coming. 以便看到我们的来到。
-There they go. -他们开始了。
-The enemy were evidently expecting our fleet. -敌人显然在等待我们的舰队。
The sight was magnificent... 这个场面壮观极了...
but terrible. 但却是可怕的。
-Now, on the night of April the 16th, -此刻，就在四月16日的夜晚，
Admiral David Porter pays very close attention 海军上将戴维.波特非常留意
as to where the shot and shell are hitting his vessels. 敌人炮弹和子弹的弹着点,相对于自己的船只的位置。
They are hitting his smokestacks, 敌人打中了他的烟囱，
but almost none are getting any lower to where the vital parts 但没有一发炮弹落到他船只的
of your boats are situated. 关键部位。
And he realizes the Confederates can't fire 而且，他还意识到，南军不能向 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
against the near bank of the Mississippi. 靠近南军一侧的密西西比河面，进行垂直向下射击。 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
And so Porter orders all his gunboats to hug the shoreline. 所以，他命令他所有的炮艇，都贴着东侧河岸线航行。
So close did they come that almost all 近得几乎使南军的射出的子弹
the Confederate shots are now flying harmlessly overhead. 都在他们头上穿过，却没有造成伤害。
- They're getting through,Rawlins. -他们正在通过，罗林斯。
They're getting through. 他们正在通过。
We're gonna take Vicksburg in a few days. 几天后，我们就要拿下威克斯堡了。
By God, at last. 还是得感谢上帝。
-We'll end this war now. -我们现在就要结束这场战争了。
-I think so too, John. -我也是这么想的，约翰。
Let's see where we stand when the sun comes up. 让我们看看，太阳升起时，我们会站在河的哪一个岸边。
Get a message to Admiral Porter, 给波特海军上将发电报，
see what condition the boats and the men are in. 问问他，船只及人员的情况。
-Sir. -是！长官。
-Due to the success of the passage 由于4月16日晚成功地
on the night of April the 16th, 通过了敌炮台，
Grant would transport 24,000 soldiers 格兰特将运送24000名士兵
across the mighty river. 渡过这条大河。
-I think what we see in Vicksburg -我认为，维克斯堡战役上显示出
is the maturity of Grant 格兰特的成熟
and the decisions that he makes. 和他所做的决定。
It's an extraordinary campaign at the operational level. 从作战层面来说，这是一场非凡的战役。 （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
How do armies move from point to point? 军队如何从一个地方移动到另一个地方?
How do they sustain themselves? 他们如何经受住对自己的考验?
And that's all separate from battle itself. 这些都是独立于战斗本身的。
-Grant's decision to run those batteries, 格兰特决定冲过这些炮台， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
the determination, the grit, 他的决心，他的勇气， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
this is utterly part of his makeup. 这是他与生俱来的一部分。
And the loss of ships running Vicksburg batteries is one. 冒着损失船只来闯过维克斯堡的炮台，就是一个表现。
-All the labors, hardships, -所有的工作、艰辛
and exposures were for the accomplishment 和冒险暴露都是为了
of this one object. 实现这一目标。
I was on dry ground 我和敌人站在
on the same side of the river with the enemy. 河的同一边的土地上。
-So he's now run the batteries, -所以，他勇闯炮台，
he's crossed over the Mississippi River, 并且经渡过了密西西比河，
and Grant is now making progress in the west. 格兰特现在正在西部战场取得进展。
Meanwhile in the eastern theater, 与此同时，在东部战场舞台，
it's not going well. 情况没有变好。
-At one point, the Union army - 1863年初，联邦军队
is losing something like 200 men a day 有一段时间因为开小差逃跑
to desertion in early 1863. 而每天损失200人。
So the army is literally leaving the field. 所以，军队其实正在脱离战场。
And then in May of 1863, 然后在1863年5月的弗吉尼亚州， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
you get Lee's greatest victory of the war 李将军在钱斯勒斯维尔取得了 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
at Chancellorsville. 战争中最伟大的胜利。
-This is Robert E. Lee's high point. -这是罗伯特 H.李的巅峰时刻。
Outnumbered two to one,this is the whole idea 面对敌人的2：1的优势，普遍的看法是，
of one Confederate could fight three Union soldiers. 一个南军士兵可以抵得过三个北军士兵。
Here he proves it. 他证明了这一点。
The Union public is starting to feel like 联邦民众开始觉得
this is unwinnable. 这是不可能的。
And so there is a ticking clock politically, 因此，政治上的时间非常紧迫，
and everyone is watching to see 每个人都在关注
if Grant will be successful. 格兰特是否会成功。
-In May of 1863, - 1863年5月， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
Grant's on that open ground below Vicksburg. 格兰特在维克斯堡南面的开阔空地上。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
Now that, mind you,is only the beginning 不过，请注意，这只是他
of his campaign, though. 攻势行动的开始。
'Cause now, once on the ground, 因为现在，一旦到达地面上，
that's when the campaign really 攻势行动就必须进入
has to move into high gear. 高速运转。
-Once on the Vicksburg side of the river, 一旦与维克斯堡同在河的一边， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
most people would have expected Grant 大多数人都认为格兰特会 （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
to march north toward Vicksburg. 向北进军维克斯堡。
And yet he doesn't do anything like that. 但他一点也没做那样的事情。
First of all, you don't attack 首先，你不能
where the enemy expects you to attack, 在敌人期望你进攻的地方，
from the south. 从南方进攻。
Second of all, in command 其次，负责指挥
of the roughly 30,000 troops of Vicksburg 维克斯堡约三万军队的是，
is John C. Pemberton. 约翰 C.彭伯顿。
And Pemberton's fortifications are wildly strong. 而且彭伯顿的防御工事非常坚固。
-Rather than take the direct road to Vicksburg, -格兰特没有直接走通往维克斯堡的路，
Grant opts to move in a northeasterly direction, 而是选择向东北方向移动，
cut Pemberton's line of supply and communication, 切断彭伯顿的供应线和交通线，
isolate his opponent in Vicksburg, 孤立处在维克斯堡的对手，
and then move in for the kill. 然后再挥师北上杀敌。
Over the next 17 days,Grant's army will push deep 在接下来的17天里，格兰特的军队将
into the interior of the state of Mississippi. 深入密西西比州的腹地。
-However, in the state capital of Jackson, -然而，在州首府杰克逊，
another Confederate force was beginning to organize 另一支南方邦联部队在约瑟夫·约翰斯顿的指挥下
under the command of Joseph Johnston. 开始集结起来。
So Grant was really facing two separate Confederate armies 所以，在敌人的后方，格兰特面对的是
deep in enemy territory 两支南方邦联军队，
with a extraordinarily limited supply line. 而北军自己的补给线非常有限。
-There is actually great risk for that moment. -那一刻确实有很大的风险。
He turns his back on Pemberton's army, 他还背对着和他人数相当的
nearly the same size of his own. 彭伯顿军团。
A commander always needs to know himself, 一个指挥官总是需要了解自己，
know the environment,know the enemy. 了解形势，了解敌人。
He knows John Pemberton. 他了解彭伯顿。
He knows he's not aggressive, 他知道彭伯顿没有攻击性，
and he thinks, 他认为，
"If I strike quickly,I can defeat them “如果我迅速出击，
"in piecemeal before they join, “我可以在他们会合之前把他们逐个击溃，
"and therefore,it's an advantage “因此，占据这个中间位置
to have this central position." “是一个优势。”
And that's exactly what he does. 这正是他所做的。
He accepts risk by leaving Pemberton in his rear, 他甘愿冒险，把彭伯顿留在他的后方，
and he's gonna go ahead and turn and attack Jackson. 然后他会掉头攻击杰克逊。
-And on May the 14th, -5月14日，
Grant's armies will drive Confederate forces 格兰特的军队将把南方邦联的军队
out of Jackson 赶出杰克逊，
and destroy Pemberton's line of supply and communication. 并摧毁彭伯顿的补给线和交通线。
With Johnston's forces scattered to the winds, 约翰斯顿的部队四散奔逃，
Grant will turn west toward Vicksburg. 格兰特将向西，再朝维克斯堡进发。
-Pemberton all of a sudden -彭伯顿突然意识到，
realizes Grant has turned west. 格兰特已经调头向西来犯了。
And this is when Pemberton decides, 于是，彭伯顿决定，
"I gotta stop and give battle." “我得打一场阻击战了。”
The numbers are largely equal, 双方人数基本相当，
somewhere less than 30,000 on each side. 双方都不到3万人。
- If Ulysses S. Grant loses a stand-up fight, -如果尤利西斯 S.格兰特输了一场立足战，
his army is in trouble. 他的军队就有麻烦了。 （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
They have cast off most of their logistics. 他们已经放弃了大部分后勤工作。
They are in Confederate territory. 他们在南方邦联的领土上。
But if there is a way he can beat the Confederate army 但如果有一种方法，可以让他在不攻击维克斯堡的情况下
without having to storm Vicksburg, 而能击败南军，
he is more than willing to do it. 他非常愿意这么做。
-Champion Hill,where Pemberton had chosen -钱伯恩山，是彭伯顿为了
to receive us, 阻击我军
was well selected. 精心挑选的战场。
It is one of the highest points 它是最高点之一，
and commanded all the ground. 可以俯视所有的地面。
1863年五月16日，钱伯恩山
Tell General McClernand to have his men advance quickly. 告诉麦克伦纳德将军，让他的人迅速前进。
Osterhaus and Carr to push the center. 奥斯特豪斯和卡尔两支部队，从两翼夹击中央。
Blair and Smith should advance quickly on the left. 布莱尔和史密斯两人，应该从左边迅速包抄迂回。
-Grant could feel a battlefield. -格兰特对战场有一种感觉。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
He could see it in his mind, 他可以在脑海中展现， （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
not just in space,because keep in mind 不仅仅是在空间上，
it's not just who's on the left, the right, 记住谁在左边，谁在右边，
the center, but in time... 谁在中间，而是在时间上…
because it's sequencing the different activities. 因为这个顺序，要随着活动而改变。
And that is really just short of genius. 这真是天才的罕见之处。
- I see a break in Pemberton's line. 我看见了彭佩顿的战线上有漏洞。
Tell McPherson to flank to the left 告诉麦克弗森从侧翼向左出击
and press them hard. 狠狠地压制他们。
-The rebs are running, sir. -这些叛军逃跑了，长官。
-Hell, they're running all the way to Vicksburg. -见鬼，他们一直跑到维克斯堡。
-Send General Osterhaus to follow them. -派奥斯特豪斯将军去追击他们。
I want to thin them out before we face them again 我想在维克斯堡城下，再次面对他们之前
at Vicksburg. 削弱他们的有生力量。
-An army on the move is an army to be destroyed. -在运动中的军队，注定是要被歼灭的军队。
And therefore,he's gonna continue 因此，他会继续
to push Pemberton's army. 逼迫彭伯顿的军队。
And this is gonna drive the Confederates back 这会把南军赶回
into the defenses of Vicksburg. 维克斯堡的防线。
-Grant took enormous risk when he went east -格兰特没有立即去维克斯堡，
rather than immediately to Vicksburg. 而是向东走，冒了很大的风险。
But he very deftly defeats piecemeal 但他非常巧妙地逐个
the different Confederate forces 击溃了试图增援
that are trying to come to reinforce Vicksburg, 维克斯堡的南军部队，
and essentially, it's a siege from there on out. 大体上，形成了围攻的局面。
-As long as we could hold our position, -只要我们能守住阵地，
the enemy was limited in supplies of food, 敌人的食物、人员和弹药供应
men, and ammunition. 就会受到限制。
1863年五月26日，维克斯堡围城战，第九天
- Keep these men digging,Captain. -让他们继续挖，上尉
Let's be done with this by nightfall. 让我们在天黑前，把这工事完成。
-Yes, sir. -是！长官。
-Ulysses S. Grant has now --尤利西斯 S·格兰特现在
gone down the Mississippi River. 去了密西西比河。
He's in the midst of the Vicksburg Campaign. 他身处维克斯堡战役之中。
In 17 days, Grant's army marched 在17天内，格兰特的军队 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
200 miles and won five battles. 前进了200英里，赢得了5场战斗。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
And now we are talking about a siege. 现在我们说的是围城。
-When Grant first settles into siege operations, -当格兰特开始攻城行动时， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
he digs a line opposite the Confederate ones, 他会在南方邦联军的对面挖一条壕沟， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
so you can cut off the key routes of supply to the city. 这样你就可以切断通往城市的主要补给路线。
And then in case a Confederate force 然后，为了防止南方邦联军队
came from his rear,he then dug another 从他的后方进攻，
series of entrenchments facing the other way. 他又朝另一边挖了一系列战壕。
And now he's gonna ring Vicksburg with artillery. 现在他要用大炮轰击维克斯堡。
In fact, he's even gonna bring 事实上，他甚至准备从海军舰艇上
naval artillery off naval ships 取下海军火炮
to bombard Vicksburg. 来轰炸维克斯堡。
We want to put them under the maximum pressure 我们要给他们最大的压力，
so that they recognize this sacrifice 让他们认识到这种牺牲
is no longer worth it. 已经不值得了。
-And Grant ordered his soldiers to begin sinking -格兰特命令他的士兵开始采用下沉通道
approaches toward the Confederate works. 直抵南方邦联的工事下面。
And so you have Union engineers, 所以有了北军的工程师们， （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
and they'd be working behind the protection 他们会在所谓的“坑道滚筒”的保护下 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
of what was called a sap roller, 进行作业，
normally a bundle of cane and vine 通常是用一捆树枝和藤蔓
packed with dirt or cotton, 中间包裹上泥土或棉花，
anything that'll stop a bullet. 及任何可以挡子弹的东西。
And the whole object is to get all the way 我们的目标就是要一路
up to the Confederate line. 逼近南方邦联的防线。
-Sharpshooters! Get down! -狙击手！趴下！
Sharpshooters! 狙击手！
-Sharpshooters! -狙击手！
-Get down! Get down! -趴下！趴下！
-See them? -看见他们了吗？
Where are they?
-Get down! Everybody get down! -趴下！大家都趴下！
-We gotta move! -我们得采取行动了！
-Cease fire! -停止射击！
Hold your fire! 不要开枪！
-Hold fire! -不要开枪！
-They're gone! -他们跑了！
-Hold fire! -不要开枪！
-I'll take that. -我拿走了。
All right, everyone! 大家都没事了！
All right, get back to work! 没事了，回去工作！
Now! 马上！
Get back to work! 回去工作！
-When it has been made clear that the Negro, -当黑人作为
as an independent laborer, 一个独立的劳动者
can do these things well, 能够做好这些事情的时候，
it would be very easy to put a musket in his hands 把一支滑膛枪放在他手里，让他成为一名士兵
and make a soldier of him. 就很容易了。
-Throughout the Civil War, African-Americans -在南北战争期间，非裔美国人 （玛西亚.查特莱恩，历史及非洲裔美国人研究协会教授，乔治城大学）
start to flee to Union army encampments 开始逃往联邦军营地， （玛西亚.查特莱恩，历史及非洲裔美国人研究协会教授，乔治城大学）
in hopes of finding some mechanism for freedom. 希望找到自由的途径。
Essentially, what these African-Americans do 基本上，非洲裔美国人所做的
is, they appeal to the Union army and say, 就是，他们想联邦军队呼吁，
"Make use of me in this conflict." “在这场战斗中，发挥我们的作用吧。”
- If the logic of war is any resources, -如果战争的逻辑是任何资源，
whether it be guns, you know,cannon, fortifications, 无论是枪支，大炮，防御工事，
if the enemy is using something to support their war effort, 如果敌人使用什么来支持他们的战争努力， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
it can be legitimately taken away. 它可以被合法地被征用。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
So by the end of the first year of the war, 所以在战争的第一年结束时，
Lincoln has come to the conclusion 林肯得出结论
that emancipation is a necessary war angle. 从战争角度上看，需要解放奴隶。
-In Grant's own personal life, —格兰特自己的个人生活，
the fact that he married into a family 他入赘到了一个
that was dependent on the system of slavery... 依赖于奴隶制的家庭…
his decision to grant freedom to a slave... 他决定给予他的奴隶以自由身份...
the fact that during his time in Missouri, 他在密苏里州的那段时间，
he's tilling the soil with enslaved people, 他和被奴役的人一起耕种土地，
I think illustrates how 我认为阐述格兰特的一生，
Grant's life is actually an object lesson 其实就是在上一堂实物课，
in the ways that a person has to grapple 用于阐明，一个人必须为了自己，
with their position on equality. 在平等问题上的立场作斗争。
-And then Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. -然后林肯颁布了《解放奴隶宣言》。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
This goes into effect as both civil and military law 1863年1月1日《民权法》和《征兵法》
on the 1st of January, 1863. 同时生效。
-When Lincoln put out the Emancipation Proclamation, -当林肯出台《解放奴隶宣言》时，
it was an amazing thing. 这是一件令人鼓舞的事情。
One out of every four enslaved African-Americans 每四个被奴役的非裔美国人中 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
made their way to freedom. 就有一个获得了自由。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
-The most important part -《解放奴隶宣言》中
of the Emancipation Proclamation 最重要的部分是，
is, that's the moment where Lincoln first, 那是林肯第一次召集
you know, calls up black people to fight in the armies 黑人加入国家军队
of the country. 参加战斗。
That is significant. 这意义重大。 （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
That is actually a huge,huge deal 这实际上是一件 （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
and has, you know, great implications on the North 非常重要的事情，你知道，对北方赢得战争 （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
actually winning the war. 起了很大的作用。
-And so beginning in 1863, 所以从1863年开始，
you have your first appearance 你第一次看到了，
of black soldiers in blue uniforms. 穿蓝色军服的黑人士兵。
Their first engagement, in fact, 事实上，他们的第一次交战
occurs during the Vicksburg campaign. 发生在维克斯堡战役中。
-During the course of the siege of Vicksburg, -围攻维克斯堡期间，
Grant had established supply enclaves 格兰特在米利肯河湾等地，
at places such as Milliken's Bend. 建立了补给飞地。
And most of these supply enclaves 大部分补给地都是
were defended by recently recruited black troops 由最近招募的穿联邦蓝军服的黑人部队
in Union blue. 负责保卫的。
But at the same time,Confederates west of Vicksburg 但与此同时，维克斯堡以西的南方邦联军
were ordered to do 收到命令，
"something on behalf of the garrison of Vicksburg." “为维克斯堡守军做点事”。
And so on June the 7th,a Confederate brigade 因此在6月7日，南军的一个旅
would attack the supply enclave at Milliken's Bend. 将攻击位于米利肯河湾的补给飞地。
-And it is at this moment that two things 在这个时候，有两件事
become very clear: 变得非常清楚:
that they have not been given 他们没有得到
the best training, 最好的训练，
nor have they been given the best weaponry 也没有得到最好的武器
to protect themselves. 来保护自己。
- The thing to recognize about the colored troops -要知道，人们对有色人种部队的
is, expectations were so low. 期望值很低。
I mean, the idea that black people 我的意思是，关于黑人作为士兵参加战斗
would fight as soldiers... 的想法，就像…
I mean, this was like a man going to the moon. 我是说，这就像一个人登上了月球。
路易斯安那州，米利肯河湾，围城第21天
-This was the first important engagement of the war -这是黑人部队在这场战争中
in which colored troops were under fire. 第一次受到攻击。
These men were very raw, 这些兵都是生瓜蛋子，
having all been enlisted since the beginning of the siege, 全是自从围城开始后，才应召入伍的，
but they were most gallant, and I doubt not 但是他们中大多数都很英勇，我不否认这一点，
they will make good troops. 他们将成为优秀的军队。
- There were 1,500 Confederates pitted against - 1500名南方邦联军对战
a little more than 1,000 Union troops. 略多于1000名的北方联邦军。
The Confederates would drive them back 南方邦联军将把他们
from their fortifications, 从防御工事赶出去，
through their encampment, 穿过他们的宿营地，
and all the way to the Mississippi River. 一路赶到密西西比河。
Black soldiers would lose 70% of their numbers, 黑人士兵损失了70%的兵力，
but they would successfully hold on to the supply enclave 但他们成功地守住了米利肯湾的
at Milliken's Bend. 补给飞地。
-Lincoln says he can no longer consider an idea 林肯说，在黑人为国家牺牲之后，
of going back to things being the way they were 他再也不会考虑让事情
after black people have actually died for the country. 回到原来的样子了。
You can't restore those people to slavery again. 你不能让那些人再次沦为奴隶。
-And in fact,by the end of the Civil War, -事实上，内战结束时，
almost 200,000 African-Americans, 将近20万非裔美国人，
you know,fight on the Union side. 你知道，在为联邦政府而战斗。
-To His Excellency A. Lincoln: -林肯阁下：
Sir, by arming the Negro,we have added a powerful ally. 先生，通过武装黑人，我们增加了一个强大的盟友。
This, with the emancipation of the Negro, 这再加上黑奴的解放，
is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. 是对南部联盟最沉重的打击。
1863年六月，维克斯堡围城战
-The primary strategy of any siege 任何围城的主要策略 （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
is isolating the people you are besieging inside, 都是孤立你所包围的人民， （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
causing them to use up both their military resources 使军民耗尽他们的军事资源，
but especially their food 特别是他们的食物，
to force them to capitulate. 迫使他们投降。
So the consequence of this is, Grant's army will grow 结果就是，格兰特的军队将随着时间的推移
to over 70,000 troops over time... 增长到7万多人…
and it's a ratcheting up of military pressure. 这样，军事上的压力不断升高。
弗吉尼亚州，里士满
-Now, the Confederate government in Richmond -现在，位于里士满的南方邦联政府
is rather concerned about the situation at Vicksburg. 非常关心维克斯堡的局势。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
And there has emerged a group that believes 现在有一些人相信， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
that less focus needs to be placed on the east, 他们认为不应该把重点放在
where things are going well, 进展顺利的东部战场，
and more focus needs to be put on the west, 而应该把更多的注意力放在
where things are not going well. 进展不顺利的西部战场。
Robert E. Lee's response is, 罗伯特 E.李的反应是，
"Even if I send troops to Vicksburg, “如果我派部队前往增援维克斯堡，
"by the time they got there, “没等增援部队到达，
it might be over." 战斗就已经结束了。”
And Lee decides to go north 李将军决定北上
and try to seek a decisive engagement 试图与宾夕法尼亚州北部的联邦军
with the federals north of Pennsylvania. 进行决定性的交战。 （著名的葛底斯堡战役）
At the same time,Grant keeps the pressure up 而在同时，格兰特继续保持对包围
at Vicksburg to end the siege. 维克斯堡的军事压力。
-By the end of June, -到6月底，
the Confederate Army of Vicksburg 维克斯堡的南军
was subsisting on a handful of peas and rice 仅靠每人每天发一次的一把豌豆和米饭
issued once a day per man. 维持生活。
Even their water would be rationed 就连他们的饮水 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
to one cup per man per day. 也只能配给每人每天一杯。 （特里.温切尔，退休首席历史学家，威克斯堡国家军事公园）
-So now as the temperature of the summer -现在夏天的温度
continues to get hotter and hotter, 越来越热，
Grant will dam up 格兰特会把 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
all the creeks that are going in there. 所有的水源小溪都堵上。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
Confederates are being shelled by Union gunboats 南方邦联军正在遭受北方联邦军
as well as Union batteries. 炮舰和炮台的炮击。
-But also,throughout the siege, -但同时，在整个围城过程中，
you have a civilian population trapped in the city, 有大约2000名平民
estimated at about 2,000. 被困在城里。
And the citizens lived underground 市民们住在地下的
in man-made caves to escape the constant bombardment 人造洞穴里，以躲避北军大炮和重型迫击炮的
of Union cannon and heavy mortar. 持续轰炸。
And about the only time they came out of these caves 他们只有在北军炮兵
is when the Union artillerymen 吃早、中、晚三餐的时候，
ate their morning, noon,and evening meals. 才从这些洞穴中走出来。
-Grant knows full well -格兰特非常清楚
the suffering of the civilians in Vicksburg. 维克斯堡平民的痛苦。
He doesn't relish any of it, 他并不喜欢这些， （伊丽莎白.D.萨莫特，编辑，《尤利西斯.S.格兰特回忆录注释》）
but I think he does believe 但我认为他相信 （伊丽莎白.D.萨莫特，编辑，《尤利西斯.S.格兰特回忆录注释》）
without breaking the will of the Southern people 在不违背南方民众意愿的情况下，
that this war is not gonna come to an end. 这场战争不会结束。
- These civilians at Vicksburg, -维克斯堡的这些平民，
who weeks earlier were able to get 几周前还能得到
all the food they needed,were clearly starving. 他们所需的所有食物，现在显然饿坏了。
And they started eating anything that moved, 他们开始吃任何会动的东西， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
rats included. 包括老鼠。 （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
And by early July, it was clear 到了7月初，南方邦联军
that the Confederates were near the end of their rope. 显然已经到了穷途末路的地步。
1863年七月3日，围城第46天
-On July 3rd,two persons were seen -7月3日，有人看到两个人
coming towards our lines bearing a white flag. 举着白旗向我们的防线走来。
It was a glorious sight to soldiers on the line. 对前线的士兵来说，这是一幅壮丽的景象。
-On the hot afternoon of July 3rd, 7月3日，一个炎热的下午，
at the very same time Pickett's legions 于此同时，在东部的葛底斯堡战场上，
were storming over the stone wall at Gettysburg, 北军的皮克特的军团冲过南军“石墙”杰克逊的阵地，
the Confederate commander John Pemberton 南军指挥官约翰·彭伯顿派人打着白旗，
would ask Grant on what terms 问格兰特，在什么条件下，
he would receive the surrender of the city. 他将接受这座城市的投降。
-General Pemberton. -彭佩顿将军。
-Your terms, General? -你的条件是什么？将军。
Surprise me. 你看着办吧。
I propose... -No proposals. 我提议... -你不能提议。
Terms won't change. 条件不会改变。
Unconditional surrender. 那就是：无条件投降。
-Sir. -长官。
Listen, we need to offer terms. 我看，还是提出一些条件吧。
-No. -不行。
-Be practical. -现实点吧。
What are we gonna do with 30,000 prisoners? 我们拿3万俘虏怎么办?
Better offer terms,don't you think? 你不认为提出一些条件会更好吗？
General. 将军。
-I'm prepared to accept the parole --我准备有条件投降，
but only if my men walk away 但前提是我的手下
with all of their personal property. 带走他们所有的私人财产。
-By personal property,do you mean to include slaves? -你说的个人财产是指奴隶吗?
Sidearms, horses... 随身武器，马匹可以...
no slaves. 奴隶不行。
No slaves leave with you. 再没有奴隶留给你们。
You have until 10:00 tonight. 你们今晚10点钟走人。
Then we attack the city. 不然，我们就攻城。
1863年七月四日，
-Up to this point,Grant's reputation -到目前为止，格兰特的绰号是
is "Unconditional Surrender" Grant. “无条件投降”.格兰特。
And yet here, he paroles the men that are there, 然而在这里，他假释了那里的敌人，
and it shows what flexibility of mind he had. 这显示了他思维的灵活性。
I think he makes the calculus 我想他是在盘算，
of, "What if we send these 30,000 scarecrows “如果我们把这3万皮包骨人，
"back to their towns? “送回他们的城镇呢?
"What are they gonna tell them? “他们会怎么说?
We just got whipped." 我们刚刚被打败了。”
-See the corporal.He'll sign your parole card. -去找下士。他会给你签发假释通行证。
-General Grant. -格兰特将军
-Retain your sidearms, General. -保留你的武器吧，将军。
The enemy had been suffering, 敌人一直在受苦，
particularly towards the last. 特别是到最后的时候。
I saw our men taking bread from their haversacks 我看到我们的人从干粮袋里拿出面包，
and giving it to the enemy they had so recently 把它给了他们最近一直在
been engaged in starving out. 挨饿的敌人。
-Grant doesn't have a hatred of Southern people. -格兰特不恨南方人。
He sees them as Americans that have gone astray. 他认为他们是误入歧途的美国人。
He doesn't agree with their cause, 他不同意他们的动机， （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
but he cares for the people themselves. 但他关心人民本身。 （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
That really colors the way he deals with the Confederates 这确实影响了他在南北战争中
throughout the Civil War. 处理南方邦联军的方式。
-Vicksburg surrenders,and the Mississippi is open. -维克斯堡投降了，密西西比河流域就开放了。
And as Lincoln says, 就像林肯说的那样，
"The father of waters flows again, unvexed, to the sea." “众水之父又流回大海，毫无烦恼。” （指密西西比河）
And the great thing is that the news comes to him 值得庆贺的是，这个胜利消息 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
the same weekend as the news of the victory at Gettysburg. 和葛底斯堡胜利的消息，在同一个周末到来。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
-My dear General,when you first reached -我亲爱的将军，当你第一次到达
the vicinity of Vicksburg,I never had any faith, 维克斯堡附近时，我没有任何信心，
except a general hope that the expedition could succeed. 除了一种普遍的希望，远征会成功。
I now wish to make the personal acknowledgment 现在我想亲自承认
that you were right and I was wrong. 你是对的，我是错的。
Yours very truly,A. Lincoln. 你的真心朋友，A.林肯。
-Grant and Lincoln first meet as correspondents. 格兰特和林肯第一次见面是通过通信。
And their correspondence is quite wonderful. 他们的通信非常精彩。
They are both men of the west, 他们都是来自美国西部的人，
and I think they share a certain philosophy 我想，他们有着某种共同的人生准则，
and perhaps a certain attitude. 也许还有某种共同的世界观。
And I think it really set the terms 我认为这确实为他们未来的关系
for their future relationship. 定下了地位。
This victory was a culmination of a very long campaign 这场胜利是一场漫长的战役的高潮，
full of trial and error, 这场战役充满了尝试和错误，
full of Grant figuring out,"How do I capture 格兰特一直在思考，“我如何占领
what seemed an impregnable fort?" 这个看似坚不可摧的堡垒?”
-The Vicksburg campaign has been studied -从1863年7月起，军事专家就开始
by military professionals ever since July of 1863. 研究维克斯堡战役。
In fact, in the army's war-fighting manual, 事实上，在军队的作战手册中，
it highlights the Vicksburg campaign 它强调维克斯堡战役是
as the most brilliant campaign 美国领土上发动过的
ever waged on American soil. 最辉煌的战役。
And so whereas the Civil War is often 因此，尽管南北战争通常被认为是
referred to as the last of the old wars, 古老战争的最后一场，
first of the modern wars, 现代战争的第一场，
Grant can be termed the first modern American warrior. 格兰特可以被称为第一个现代美国战士。
-With the success at Vicksburg, -在维克斯堡取得成功后，
there's no question that Grant 格兰特无疑是
is one of the top generals in the war. 这场战争中最优秀的将军之一。
Lincoln said, "He'll be my man 林肯说"他将是我的人，
and I'll be his the rest of the war." 我将是他的人，在今后剩下的战争中"
And so Grant is given command of the entire western theater. 于是格兰特被授予了整个西部战区的指挥权。 （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
Well, part of that new command was Chattanooga. 那么，田纳西州的查塔努加是新的命令的一部分。 （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
And in Chattanooga,there was a Union army 在查塔努加，有一支北军
that was essentially trapped. 被困住了。
-It's at this point that Lincoln decides -在这一点上，林肯决定他必须叫格兰特来
that he must call Grant in for the situation. 处理这个情况。
-The art of war is simple enough. 战争的艺术很简单。
Find out where your enemy is, 找出你的敌人在哪里，
get at him as soon as you can, 尽快接近他，
strike him as hard as you can, 尽你所能打击他，
and keep moving on. 然后继续前进。
田纳西州，查塔努加
-By the summer of 1863, -到1863年夏天， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
the Union army had moved all the way through Tennessee 联邦军队已经一路穿过田纳西州， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
and captured Chattanooga. 占领了查塔努加。
The Union army then moved into Georgia, 联邦军随后进入佐治亚州，
but the Confederates lashed back and won a huge victory. 但南军进行了反击，并取得了巨大的胜利。
The Union army retreated back into Chattanooga. 北方联邦军撤退到查塔努加。
The Confederates followed,occupying the heights 南方邦联军紧随其后，占领了
around the city. 城市周围的高地。
And U. S. Grant is brought into Chattanooga 格兰特被派到查塔努加
to do what he does best... 做他最擅长的事…
win. 取胜。
-He's essentially being brought in as a kind of fixer. -他其实上是作为一个解决问题的人来的。
Here's the guy who won the campaign at Vicksburg, 这个人赢得了维克斯堡的战役， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
and he's being asked to do it again. 他被要求再来一次。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
The Union Army of the Cumberland is stuck 坎伯兰的联邦军队被困在
down in this valley, 山谷里，
trapped in a siege,and starving. 被包围，饥肠辘辘。
The Confederate army has set up 南方邦联军队在城市周围
a ring around the city 建立了一个环形，
that gives them a commanding artillery position. 这给了他们的炮兵一个居高临下的位置。
It's incredibly high stakes. 这是个绝对危险之地。
By holding Chattanooga,you hold one of the most 过控制查塔努加，你就控制了
important rail networks in Tennessee. 田纳西州最重要的铁路网络之一。
Grant knew if you can hold that rail hub, 格兰特知道如果你能守住那个铁路枢纽，你
you can build up a massive effort 就能集结大规模力量
to invade the Deep South. 入侵南方腹地。
The loss of Chattanooga would've set 失去查塔努加会让
the Union war effort back months, 北军的战争行动倒退几个月，
if not years. 甚至几年。
-His first concern is to feed his troops -他首先关心的是在田纳西河的南部联盟军一侧
by winning a small engagement on the Confederate side 赢得一场小规模的战斗，
of the Tennessee River 从而开辟新的补给线，
to open up his new supply line. 从而为他的部队提供食物。
Then, like any boss that comes into a new company, 然后，就像任何一家新公司的老板一样，
Grant wants his people. 格兰特想要招聘他的员工。
And he immediately calls the four divisions 他立即召集威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼的
of William Tecumseh Sherman to come to Chattanooga. 四个师来到查塔努加。
-The intention then is to seize the initiative -意图是抓住主动权，
and make an attack against the Confederates 向南方邦联军发起进攻，
and drive them away from Chattanooga. 把他们赶出查塔努加。
1863年十一月25日
-During the battle of Chattanooga, -在查塔努加战役中，
Grant is commanding multiple armies. 格兰特指挥着多支军队。
He's got Sherman with the Army of the Tennessee. 他让谢尔曼负责田纳西方面军。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
He has George Thomas with the Army of the Cumberland. 他让乔治.托马斯负责坎伯兰方面军。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
He also has Joseph Hooker, 他还让约瑟夫.胡克， （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
who's coming in from the eastern theater. 他是从东部战场上被换下来的。
-The idea was that Hooker would flank 他的想法是，胡克从南方
the Confederate position from the south, 包抄南军的阵地，
Sherman would bring his army 谢尔曼带领他的军队
to the northern flank, 从北方包抄，
and George Thomas would assault the center. 乔治·托马斯从中部进攻。
Three separate assaults of one position. 三路大军对同一个阵地的展开攻击。
传教士岭，谢尔曼的攻击位置
-Sir. -长官。
From General Sherman on Missionary Ridge. 来自传教士岭的谢尔曼将军。
-At Chattanooga,his battle plan doesn't work -在查塔努加，他的作战计划没有
the way he expected it to, 按他预期的方式进行，
but he's got the presence of mind 但他有冷静的头脑
to process it and make decisions 来处理它，做出决定，
and adapt to things that he didn't expect to happen. 并适应了他没有预料到的事情发生。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
-Sherman's stuck. -谢尔曼被卡住了。
Send in Thomas' men. 派托马斯的人马去支援。
Order them to attack the rifle pits below Missionary Ridge. 命令他们攻击传教士岭下面的散兵坑。
Sherman needs our help...now. 谢尔曼需要我们的帮助…快去！
-George Thomas' army had been much maligned -乔治·托马斯的军队因被陷入重围
for having been trapped in a siege, 而饱受诟病，
and I think those men were spoiling for a fight 我想这些人是求战心切的心理
as a result. 在作祟。
-Grant gives the order with the hope that that will -格兰特下了命令，
force the Confederates to start moving troops 希望能迫使南军
away from Sherman's path. 从谢尔曼的进军路线上撤退。
The order was that once they seized the rifle pits, 命令是，一旦占领了散兵坑，
they should stop, reorganize, 他们就应该停下来，重新组织，
and then attack the top of Missionary Ridge. 然后攻击传教士岭的顶部。
But they don't stop. 但他们并没有停止。
-Without awaiting further orders, -没有等待进一步的命令，
on our troops went for the crest. 我们的部队就向山顶进发。
The fire along the rebel line was terrific. 叛军阵地上的炮火非常猛烈。
Cannon and musket balls filled the air. 大炮和火枪弹在空中飞舞。
The pursuit continued until the crest was reached. 他们继续追赶，直到到达山顶。
-It was a fantastic victory for Grant. -这对格兰特来说是一场梦幻般的胜利
This is the battle that really, I think, makes 我认为正是这场战役，
the Republic respect Grant as the possible savior. 让合众国将格兰特视为可能的救世主。
-News of this goes through the North as a great triumph. -这个消息传遍了北方，仿佛是一个伟大的胜利。
Grant is now clearly and unambiguously 格兰特现在当之无愧地是
the general who looks like 一个最终能够赢得 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
finally the man who can win this war. 这场战争的将军。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
-Grant has eliminated two Confederate armies via siege, 格兰特通过围攻消灭了两支南方邦联军队， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
Fort Donelson and Vicksburg. 多尼尔森堡和维克斯堡。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
At Chattanooga, he combined three disparate armies 在查塔努加，他将三支完全不同的军队
into a single effort, 合而为一，
so his technical competencies were beyond reproach. 所以他的专业能力无可非议。
-At Chattanooga,he reverses another -在查塔努加，他扭转了 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
very desperate situation for the Union forces. 北方联邦军另一个非常绝望的局面。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
That's what ultimately then leads Lincoln 这最终导致林肯将格兰特调到
to bring Grant east. 东部战场。
-By March of 1864, - 1864年3月，
Lincoln has found his man, 林肯提名他的合适人选，
and Congress raises Grant to the rank 国会将格兰特提升为
of full lieutenant general, 中将军衔，
the first general since Washington 这是自华盛顿以来第一位获得
to hold the full rank of lieutenant general. 中将军衔的将军。
-He is to be in command of all the Union armies. -他将指挥所有的联邦军队。
This is novel. 这简直就是一本小说。
-The bill restoring the grade of lieutenant general —恢复陆军中将军衔的法案
of the army had passed. 获得通过。
I was ordered to Washington to receive my commission. 我奉命去华盛顿接受任命。
-Grant and Lincoln never meet each other face-to-face 格兰特和林肯从未见过面，
until Grant shows up in Washington 直到格兰特出现在华盛顿
to be promoted to lieutenant general... 被提升为中将…
but his ability to advise Lincoln 但他为林肯出谋献策的能力，
and to guide the whole nation's effort 以及带领整个国家努力
to win the war... 赢得战争的能力…
that was a question mark. 那还是一个问号。
-Mr. President. -总统先生。
-General Grant. -格兰特将军。
Come in. 进来。
I do not profess to be a military man, 我不自称军人，
and I certainly would never interfere, but... 我当然也不会干涉，但是…
Here it is. 给你这个。
I've marked our current placements. 我标出了我们现在的位置。
Now... 现在...
if we move into Virginia 如果我们在这两条河流之间
between the course of these two rivers, 进入弗吉尼亚，
we can not only use them to bring in supplies. 我们不仅可以用它们运补给。
We might also protect our flanks. 我们也可以保护我们的侧翼。
-I'll consider it, sir. -我会考虑的，先生。
-Of course. -当然。
But tell me... 但是告诉我...
You'll go after Lee? 你将会追击李将军的部队吗？
You'll go after him until he's finished? 你会一直追击他，直到他完蛋吗?
It all depends on you. 这都取决于你。
-The president told me that all he had ever wanted -总统告诉我，他一直想要的是一个
was someone who would take responsibility 愿意承担责任和行动
and act. 的将军。
-Lincoln had gone through about every other -在这个时候，林肯几乎把 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
senior general in the Union army 联邦军队中的所有高级将领 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
at this point in time. 都摸清了。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
And finally,Lincoln finds his general, 最后，林肯找到了他的将军，
a general who will actually fight. 一个真正会战斗的将军。
And Grant is truly one of the great 格兰特是有史以来
battle captains of all time. 最伟大的战场领队之一。
He is someone who achieved brilliance, 他是一个在战术上，战斗中和战略上
tactically, operationally,and strategically. 都取得辉煌成就的人。
At the tactical level,this would be commanding 在战术层面，这将是指挥多个旅
multiple brigades like Fort Henry and Fort Donelson 像亨利堡和唐纳森堡
in the early stages of the war in the west. 在西部战场的早期阶段。
Operationally, this is multiple divisions now. 战斗层面，他指挥过多兵种协调作战。
And, of course,Vicksburg is an extraordinary 当然，维克斯堡就是
example of that. 一个很好的例子。
And then strategically, 而在战略层面上，
when he comes east, 当他来到东部战场，
he for the first time then develops 他一来到东部战场，就为所有的联邦军队
a true strategic campaign for all of the Union forces. 策划了一场具有战略意义的战役。
-Grant's idea when he becomes commanding general 格兰特的想法是，当他成为总指挥后，
is to get all of the Union forces to act in harmony. 让所有的联邦军协调一致地行动。
He wants to move on Mobile Bay, 他想进攻莫比尔湾，
one of the last Confederate ports. 南方邦联最后的港口之一。
He wants Sherman to advance on Atlanta. 他要进军亚特兰大。
He wants Franz Sigel to go down the Shenandoah Valley, 他要弗朗茨·西格尔到谢南多厄山谷去，
the breadbasket of the Confederacy in the east. 那里是南方邦联东部的粮仓。
Benjamin Butler will come up the James River 本杰明·巴特勒将从詹姆斯河逆流而上，
and get at Richmond from the south, 从南方到达里士满，
hopefully dividing some of Lee's attention. 希望能分散李将军的注意力。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
And then finally,the Army of the Potomac 最终，波托马克方面军 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
will head at Robert E. Lee in Richmond. 将在里士满，正面攻击罗伯特 E.李。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
It's those five pieces acting in concert 正是这五部作品的一致表现，
that is his original vision for how this war 是他最初设想，这场战争
should come to a close. 应该如何结束。
-The South had become very good, -由于人口较少，
with the smaller population, 南方变得比较擅长，
at moving troops from one place to another. 把部队从一个地方转移到另一个地方。
What Grant realized was that 格兰特意识到， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
if you simultaneously attack many Confederate positions, 如果你同时攻击南方邦联的多个据点， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
they would not be able to play this game. 他们就傻眼了。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
-Grant's strategic genius was the ability to move -格兰特的战略天赋在于能够同时调动
five different armies simultaneously... 五支不同的军队…
but also, Grant recognized, 但是，格兰特也认识到， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
the destruction of Robert E. Lee's army, 要想歼灭罗伯特 H.李的军队， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
the symbol of Confederate nationalism, 并打垮南方邦联所谓的“民族主义”的象征，
was fundamental to winning the war. 那就是从根本上赢得这场战争。
-Robert E. Lee's army had countless times -罗伯特 E.李的军队已经无数次地
defeated Union armies on the battlefield 在战场上，靠着巧妙的战术机动，
with brilliant tactical maneuvers, 战胜了联邦军队，
so there was a confidence. 所以，他很有自信心。
There was an esprit de corps 他靠着一种团队精神，
that bound that army together, 把他的部队联系在一起，
and spirits are high and ready for an engagement. 而且，斗志旺盛并做好了迎战准备。
Robert E. Lee is born the scion 罗伯特 E.李出身于
to two of the oldest elite families 弗吉尼亚州的两个最古老的
of the state of Virginia. 精英家族之一。
And in many ways,Robert E. Lee becomes 在很多方面，罗伯特 E.李成为了
the general most connected 与奴隶制和
with the institution of slavery 保护奴隶制关系
and protecting that institution. 最密切的将军。
-Grant had none of that mystique. -格兰特没有那种神秘感。
There was no illusion of a guy, 你知道，我对一个像李那样出身高贵的人
you know, who was highborn in the way that Lee was. 没有任何幻想。
But, you know, when I see you on the battlefield, 但是，当我在战场上看到你时， （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
none of that matters. 这些都不重要了。 （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
It's just me and you. 只有我和你。
-But all of Grant's success had been -但格兰特所有的成功战例
in the western theater. 都是在西部战场上。
And everybody would argue... 每个人都会争论…
you're not out in the western theater anymore. …你已经不在西部战场了。
You're fighting Robert E. Lee. 你的对手是罗伯特 E.李。
Of course, we could flip that coin and say 当然，我们可以抛硬币来预测
Robert E. Lee is now fighting Ulysses S. Grant. 罗伯特 E.李现在在和尤利西斯 S.格兰特的对战。
-Grant is gonna personally attach himself 格兰特将亲自加入乔治·戈登·米德少将的
to George Gordon Meade's Army the of Potomac, 波托马克方面军，
which is gonna latch on like a bulldog 这支军队将像斗牛犬一样
to Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. 紧紧抓住罗伯特 E.李的北弗吉尼亚方面军。
-When Grant comes down to Brandy Station -当格兰特来到布兰迪车站
to visit the headquarters of George Gordon Meade, 拜访乔治·戈登·米德公司的指挥部时，
Meade's staff are surprised. 米德的参谋们都很惊讶。
This was a slightly ordinary figure 这是一个有点普通的人，
who looked like a merchant who'd just come from a store. 看起来像一个刚从商店出来的商人。
But then you met his eye, 但当你看到他的目光时， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
that icy cold eye that Grant could somehow have, 那种格兰特可能有的冰冷的目光， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
and suddenly you knew this man 突然间你就知道这个人
was totally in charge of things. 完全掌控着一切。
One clerk was advised, 一位文职人员被建议说:
"When Grant gives you a straight order, obey it. “当格兰特给你一个明确的命令时，要服从。
"When you have information for Grant, “如果你有消息要告诉格兰特，
"give it to him straight. “就直接告诉他。
"And above all,don't say 'sir' too much. “最重要的是，不要用'长官'这个词太多。
Grant's not interested in that." 格兰特对此不感兴趣。”
-Through most of the winter of 1863 and 1864, 1863年和1864年冬天的大部分时间里，
the Union army and the Confederates 北方联邦军和南方邦联军
have been glaring at each other, 都在互相怒视，
waiting for the spring to come 等待春天的到来，
so that the new campaign can begin. 这样新的战役就可以开始了。
Grant wants to get south so he can engage 格兰特想要向南行军，这样他就可以 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
Confederates in more open ground. 在更开阔的地带与南军交战。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
But before he does that,he has to go across 但在此之前，他必须穿过
the Rapidan River and go through an area 拉皮丹河，经过一个
deemed as almost Lee's hunting ground for Union armies... 几乎被李将军视为猎杀北方联邦军队的地区…
"The Wilderness." “一片荒野地带。”
弗吉尼亚州，奥兰治县，李将军的指挥部
-Gentlemen? -先生们？
-Grant may have won some victories in the west, -格兰特也许在西部战场赢得了一些胜利， （A.P.希尔中将）
but this is Virginia. 但这里是弗吉尼亚。
-We're strong here, sir. -我们在这里会变得强大的，长官。 （理查德.尤尔中将）
And if he attacks, 如果他胆敢来犯， （理查德.尤尔中将）
we can make a play for Washington. 我们就去华盛顿大打出手。
-And if he crosses the Rapidan, -如果他穿过拉皮丹河，
he'd have to cut through the Wilderness. 他就得穿过那片荒野。
I can't imagine he'd be fool enough. 我无法想象他会那么傻。
We'd whip him but good. 我们会鞭打他的。
-General Longstreet? -朗斯特里将军？
-I know Grant from West Point and Mexico. -我在西点军校和墨西哥战场上就认识了格兰特。 （詹姆斯.朗斯特里特中将）
Do not underestimate him. 不要小瞧他。 （詹姆斯.朗斯特里特中将）
He will fight us every day and every hour 他随时都会跟我们作战的，
till the end of this war. 直到战争结束。
-There's sort of a sense that, "Okay, -这种感觉就像是，“好吧，
Robert E. Lee is the champion of the eastern theater." 罗伯特 E.李就像是东部战场的冠军。”
"And we've tried challenger after challenger “我们已经见识了一个又一个的 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
"after challenger. “挑战者。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
But now we're bringing in our best guy from the west." 那么现在，我们从西部战场请来一位高手。”
There's huge expectations. 这下就有看头了。
-I know Lee as well as he knows himself. -我了解李，就像他了解他自己一样。
I intend to attack his weak points 我意图攻击他的薄弱点，
and flank his strong ones. 包抄他的主力。
- We have two choices: -我们有两个选择： （1864年五月3日，弗吉尼亚州，布朗迪车站）
flank Lee and get to Richmond from the west, 从里士满的西边，包抄李的主力， （1864年五月3日，弗吉尼亚州，布朗迪车站）
which leaves Washington exposed, 这样会把华盛顿给暴露出来了，
or head south, 或者，一直向南，
get to Lee by going through the Wilderness. 通过荒野地区，到达李的部队。
-The rebs know those woods. -叛军熟悉那片树林。
Could be deadly for us to go through there. 我们穿过那里，会有很大的危险。
-We have to move quickly,get out the other side, -我们必须快速行动，从另一边穿出来，
meet him in the open. -It's a trap. 在空旷地与他面对。 -这是一个陷阱。
We'd be leaving Washington undefended. 我们离开会让华盛顿失去防御的。
-General Meade? -米德将军？
-I beat Lee at Gettysburg. -我在葛底斯堡与李将军交过手。
I'd like to finish the job. 我来完成这项任务。
-Then wherever he goes,you'll follow. -之后，不论他去哪里，你都要跟着他。
We'll cross the Rapidan into the Wilderness. 我们渡过拉皮丹河，进入荒野地区。
- General, our scouts report he crossed -将军，我们的侦查兵报告，他昨晚 （1864年五月4日，弗吉尼亚州，奥兰治县）
the Rapidan last night. 渡过了拉皮丹河。 （1864年五月4日，弗吉尼亚州，奥兰治县）
His army is twice ours, sir. 他的军队数量是我们的两倍，长官。
-We'll just have to even the odds. -我们会有机会的。
Catch them before they get through the Wilderness. 在他们穿过荒野地区前，抓住他们。
Have General Hill advance on the Orange Plank Road. 让希尔将军走奥兰治县的木栈道。
General Ewell, on the turnpike. 尤尔将军，守住关卡。
-Yes, sir. -是，长官。
-The wilderness of Spotsylvania -那片荒野位于斯波特瑟维尼亚，
was 70 square miles of dense forest. 是一片70平方英里的浓密树林。
It was difficult for mass groups 大军通过时
of soldiers to move through 会很困难，
this particular area of Virginia. 这是弗吉尼亚特殊的地区。
-A little further south is Spotsylvania Courthouse. -再往前一点就是，斯波特瑟维尼亚的县府。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
The land around that area is a lot more wide open. 那片区域周围的土地要开阔得多。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
So Grant says, "We need to cross the Rapidan River 格兰特说:“我们需要渡过拉皮丹河，
"and move through the Wilderness, “穿过荒野地带，
"get to this wide-open ground closer to Richmond, “到达里士满附近的广阔地带，
"and in doing so, “这样一来，
"Lee's gonna have to come out and fight us “李将军就必须出来，在我们选择的土地上
and on ground of our choosing." 与我们作战。”
-Lee knew this ground.He knew it well. -李熟悉这个领域。他很清楚这一点。
He was going to use every tree 他打算利用每一棵树和
and every bush to try to delay Grant's actions. 每一丛灌木来拖延格兰特的行动。
-The great advantage of the Union army 北方联邦军对北弗吉尼亚方面军的
against the Army of Northern Virginia 最大优势是
is in numbers and artillery. 人数和火炮。
In that choked vine forest, 在那片窒息的藤蔓树林里， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
numbers matter less, 人数不那么重要， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
and you cannot bring your artillery to bear. 你无法动用你的火炮。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
In fact, the Army of the Potomac 实际上，波托马克方面军
fought there against Robert E. Lee 早在战争初期，在钱斯勒斯维尔，
at the battle of Chancellorsville 与罗伯特 E.李的军队展开过对战，
earlier in the war and had lost. 只不过是输了。
The battle of Chancellorsville 钱斯勒斯维尔之战
is Robert E. Lee's high point. 是罗伯特 E.李的巅峰时刻。
Lee is gonna violate all kind of military principles, 李将会违反所有的军事原则，
divide his army in the face of a larger enemy, 在面对更强大的敌人时，将他的军队分成两派，
and, though outnumbered two to one, 尽管人数上是两比一，
he will drive the Union army back across the river. 他还是会将联邦军赶回河对岸。
This is the magic of Robert E. Lee. 这是罗伯特 E.李的魔力。
-The Chancellorsville battlefield -钱斯勒斯维尔之战和
and the Wilderness battlefield 荒野地带之战，
are pretty much right on top of each other. 几乎完全一样。
And during the initial phase of the Wilderness campaign, 在荒野战役的最初阶段， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
when Grant and the Army of the Potomac 当格兰特和波托马克方面军 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
cross the river,they see the remains 渡过河流时，他们看到了
of the battle of the year before. 前一年战役的遗迹。
-When Grant was traveling with the Army of the Potomac, 当格兰特跟随波托马克方面军行军时，
he realized the extent to which Lee 他意识到李将军，在所有军官
had gotten into the mind of all of the officers. 心中的造成的影响有多深。
And he knew that he had to deal with the Lee mystique. 他知道他必须对付李的神秘感。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
That was really one of his major objectives. 这是他的主要目标之一。
-The natural disposition of most people -大部人的禀性是
is to clothe the commander of a large army 给一个他们不了解的，率领一支大军
whom they do not know 的指挥官赋予
with almost superhuman abilities. 一种超能力的外罩。
But I had known General Lee personally 但我与李将军有过亲身接触，
and knew that he was mortal. 知道他也是凡人。
-The Army of the Potomac numbers about 120,000 men. -波托马克方面军兵力约为十二万人。
The Confederate army numbers approximately 62,000. 南方邦联军的人数大概为六万两千人。
Lee knows he's outnumbered, 李知道他寡不敌众，
but he knows if he can bottle him up somewhere, 但是他知道，如果他能隐蔽起来，
those superior numbers won't account for anything. 那么，敌人的兵力优势就不算什么了。
Both sides are confident. 双方都很有信心。
The Confederates, they've rebounded 南军在葛底斯堡战役受挫后，
since their defeat from Gettysburg. 已经有所回升。
And also,the Union Army of the Potomac, 而同样，联邦的波托马克方面军，
coming off that victory at Gettysburg, 刚从葛底斯堡战场上下来，
they're ready to keep following up that success. 他们准备乘胜前进。
That mentality, I think,explains the ferocity 这种心态，我认为，解释了随之而来的
of the fighting that follows. 激烈战斗。
-We had to have hard fighting. -我们必须进行艰苦的战斗。
The two armies now confronting each other 现在对峙的两支军队长期以来
had been in deadly conflict for so long 一直处于致命的冲突中，
without any decisive result, 没有任何决定性的结果，
they hardly knew which could whip the other. 他们几乎不知道，谁能击败对方。
1864年五月5日，荒野地带之战，第一天
-So the first time that Grant and Lee go into battle, -所以这场荒野之战是格兰特和李， （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
the two headliners of the war, 这两位战争的头面人物， （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
at the Battle of the Wilderness, 在战场上的第一次交手， （哈里.拉威尔，军事史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
May of 1864,Grant crosses into territory 就在1864年的五月，格兰特穿过了那片
where Lee has his army deployed, 已经部署了李的军队的荒野地带，
and it's a pretty brutal fight. 在那里进行了一场残酷的战斗。
-Lee was actually moving very aggressively. -李的行动非常主动。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
He wanted to attack Grant. 他想攻击格兰特。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
He wanted to push Grant out of Virginia. 他想把格兰特赶出弗吉尼亚。
-Once Grant crosses the river, -一旦格兰特渡过了河， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
you see two steely-eyed killers who go at each other. 你看到两个怒目圆睁的杀手互相攻击。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
It's relentless.It's brutal. 这是坚韧的。也是残酷的。
It's nonstop.It's exhausting. 这不会有停歇。直到筋疲力竭。
-General Grant, -格兰特将军， （格兰特的营帐）
Rebel forces are at the Orange TurnpikeRebel forces are at the Orange Turnpike on the Plank Road. 发现叛军部队在奥兰治县的
on the Plank Road. 栈道关口上把守。
-Pitch into them at the first... -马上猛烈攻击他们...
Pitch into them at the first opportunity. 一有机会就抢先猛烈攻击他们。
Call the battery and gun crews. 通知炮台和炮队。
We'll hold this position. 我们将守住这个阵地。
-Grant is going to tell Meade, -格兰特要告诉米德，
"You do not wait for them to attack you. “你不要等着他们来攻击你。
You attack them." 你攻击他们。”
-Why does he do this? -他为什么这么做?
Because his object is to go ahead and fight 因为他的目标是继续和
Robert E. Lee. 罗伯特 E·李战斗。
He takes tactical risk fighting in the Wilderness 他冒着战术上的风险在荒野作战
because there is a opportunity 因为有机会因为有机会摧毁
to destroy parts of Lee's army. 李的一部分军队。
-It throws Lee for a loop, -这让李大吃一惊，
because Lee thought he had Grant pegged. 因为李认为他已经困住格兰特了。
Lee's going off the old rule book here, 李在这里打破了旧的规则，
Union army is not gonna act aggressively, 联邦军不会采取主动攻击的行动，
and at the Wilderness, 在荒野地带，
that preconceived notion that he had 他在此之前的预料设想，
really gets destroyed. 真的被摧毁了。
-Grant firmly believes that if he can retain the initiative, -格兰特坚信，如果他能保持主动权，
he can force the other army to react to him. 他就能迫使对方军队对他做出反应。
He believes the Confederate army 他认为南方邦联军队应该
should march to a Union drum. 跟着北方军的鼓声前进。
Therefore,he's gonna continue to push 因此，他将继续推动和
and drive those Confederates. 驱赶那些南方邦联军。
This is not one of those wide-open battlefields 这里不是那种开阔的战场，
that you can see long lines of clashing troops. 你可以看到长长的队伍在战斗。
Visibility is less than 20 yards. 能见度不到20码。
Throw in the smoke and noise of battle, 再加上战争的硝烟和喧嚣，
and now it's even more confusing. 现在就更让人混乱了。
-It had been a very dry spring. -那是一个非常干燥的春天。
Now, if you think of men firing their muskets, 现在，如果你想象人们用滑膛枪射击，
there's gonna be a flash of fire, 会有一道闪光，
and all it takes is one spark. 而且会产生一点火星。
And the real horrors of the Wilderness begin. 真正可怕的荒野开始了。
The fires are gonna grow in intensity. 大火会越来越强烈。
For the men who are wounded, 对于那些负伤的人，
they can either crawl to the enemy lines, 他们要么爬到敌阵去，
or they can always kill themselves with a revolver. 要么就用左轮手枪自杀。
For the living soldiers, at the end of this fight, 对于活着的士兵来说，在这场战斗结束后，
they have to now listen to men scream to death 他们现在不得不听着，人们在大火中
as they're burned alive in this fire, 被活活烧死时发出的惨叫声，
and they now have to smell their bodies 他们现在不得不闻着，人们在大火中
as its roasted in the conflagration, 被烤熟的尸体的气味，
and that is something that truly sticks with them 这才是真正伴随他们
for the rest of their lives. 余生的噩梦。
‐ The Wilderness was a brutal,bloody battle, ‐荒野之战是一场残酷、血腥的战斗， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
similar to the battle they'd fought 与前年，他们在钱斯勒斯维尔的 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
at Chancellorsville the year before, 激战相似，
almost in the exact same location. 几乎是在同一个地点。
And that battle had ended with the Union army 那场战役以联邦军从战场上
pulling back from the field 撤退而告终，
and trying to regenerate itself 他们撤退后，试图恢复士气，
and get itself back into condition. 让自己恢复状态。
‐ Grant might have been,like the other generals, ‐格兰特可能会像其他将军一样，
justified in breaking off and pulling back to regroup. 有理由中断作战并撤回重整旗鼓。
‐ General Grant. -格兰特将军。
Do you want the casualty numbers? 你想知道伤亡人数吗?
‐ We'll be the first to attack in the morning. ‐我们将在早上，首先发动攻击。
‐ Our men are exhausted. -我们的战士们已经筋疲力竭了。
‐ So are his. -那敌人也是。
We go forward. 我们向前进。
Lee's still waiting for reinforcements. 李将军还在等待增援。
So if we're the first to attack, 所以如果我们抢先进攻，
we have our advantage. 我们就有优势。
‐ General. -是！将军。
‐ General Meade. -米德将军。
Don't forget. 别忘了。
We possess strengths they do not have. 我们还有优势，敌人却没有。
Our numbers... 我们的兵力...
and our purpose, Meade. 还有我们的目标，米德。
Our purpose. 我们的目标。
‐ Right, sir. -没错，长官。
荒野之战，第二天
1864年五月6日 早晨6：00
‐ I was anxious that the rebels should not take ‐我担心叛军不会在早上
the initiative in the morning 采取主动，
and therefore ordered an assault. 因此下令发动袭击。
‐ Union forces were successful initially in the morning. ‐联邦部队在早上初步取得了成功。
They catch the Confederate 3rd Corps 他们出其不意地抓住了A.P.希尔的
under A. P. Hill by surprise, 联盟军第三军团，
they push them a good mile, 把他们推进了一英里远，
and it looks like Lee's right flank is about to cave in. 看来李的右翼就要屈服了。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
‐ General.‐ We're losing ground. -将军。 -我们正在节节后退。
‐ But Longstreet's moving in from the west... ‐但朗斯特里特正从西部赶来救援...
With the Texas boys. 还带着德克萨斯一帮小伙子们。
‐ And I'm glad of it. ‐我很高兴。
Those Texas boys will stand and fight all day. 那些德州小子们会整天站着战斗。
‐ Longstreet has arrived with reinforcements. ‐朗斯特里特带着援军抵达。
Lee may counterattack. 李将军可能要反击了。
‐ Let him. -随他便。
We'll stick it out. 我们会坚持到底的。
‐ Let's taken our land,forced us out. -李将会占领我们阵地，把我们赶出去。
He's gonna advance. 他要进军。
‐ I'm tired of hearing about what Lee is gonna do. -我不想听李要做什么。
Some of you think he's gonna turn a double somersault 你们其中的有些人居然相信，李会连翻两个筋斗，
and land in our rear and both flanks at the same time. 然后同时落在我们的后方和侧翼。
Go back to your commands. 回去执行你们的命令吧。
Think about what we're gonna do. 想想我们要做什么。
‐ Longstreet arrives to save the day in the nick of time. ‐朗斯特里特在关键时刻赶来挽救了局面。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
James Longstreet had actually attended ‐朗斯特里曾经实际上参加了
Ulysses S. Grant's wedding. 尤利西斯 S.格兰特的婚礼。
And he is Lee's most trusted subordinate. 他是李将军最信任的下属。
He is the old warhorse. 他是一匹忠诚的老战马。
‐ The Confederates slam into Union lines... ‐南方邦联军猛击北方联邦阵线…
but the Union had bolstered their defenses. 但是北军加强了他们的防御。
Ultimately,the series of assaults fail. 最终，一系列的攻击失败了。
‐ And James Longstreet will be accidentally wounded ‐詹姆斯·朗斯特里将被自己的部下
by his own men,shot in the neck, 误伤，颈部中弹，
nearly choking to death on his own blood 在被抬出战场之前，差点被
before he can be moved from the field. 自己的血呛死。
The Wilderness is on fire. 荒野地带还在着火。
One soldier describes it 一个士兵描述道，
as a battle of invisibles versus invisibles. 这是一场隐形人对隐形人的战斗。
They could not see the enemy army. 他们看不见敌军。
Soldiers are trapped. 士兵们都被困住了。
They cannot find their way out. 他们找不到出去的路。
‐ The woods were set on fire by the bursting shells. ‐树林被爆炸的炮弹烧着了。
The wounded,who had not strength to move, 那些无力移动的伤员，
were either suffocated or burned to death. 不是窒息而死，就是被烧死。
‐ By the end of two days of combat, ‐在两天的战斗结束后，
the Union army has sustained about 17,000 men 北方联邦军约有17000人
killed, captured,wounded, or missing. 被杀、被俘、受伤或失踪。
Confederates are about 11,000. 南军约为11000人。
Grant has lost now more men in the two days at Wilderness 格兰特在荒野的两天里损失的兵力
than he did in the two days at Shiloh. 比在夏伊洛的两天还要多。
‐ This was a particularly horrifying battle... 这真是一场特别可怕的战斗...
not only because of the number of casualties, 不只是在死伤人数上， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
but the forest is burning. 树林还着了大火。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
What that meant was,Grant went into his tent, 这意味着，格兰特走进他的帐篷，
flung himself down on the cot. 扑倒在折叠行军床上。
There was a need for some 他需要某种情感的
emotional release or catharsis, 释放或宣泄，
and Grant had never shown that side 而格兰特以前从未表现出
of his character before. 他性格的这一面。
‐ Our losses in the Wilderness were severe. ‐我们在荒野地带的损失是严重的。
We could claim no victory over the enemy, 我们不能说战胜了敌人，
neither did they gain a single advantage. 他们也没有得到任何好处。
李将军营地
‐ We have 'em hell, General Lee. ‐我们让他们下地狱了，李将军。
‐ They gave us the same. ‐他们给了我们同样的东西。
‐ I'm told Longstreet will survive. ‐我听说朗斯特里特会活下来。
Scouts say Grant's packing up. 侦察兵说，格兰特在收拾东西。
Finally retreating, sir. 他们终于要撤退了，长官。
We won't see him here again. 我们不会再在这里见到他了。
‐ Tell me, Colonel... -告诉我，上校...
have you ever met Grant? 你见过格兰特吗？
‐ No, sir. -没有，长官。
‐ No. -没有。
I didn't think so. 我不这么认为。
If you had, you know he's not retreating. 如果你见过他，你就知道他是不会撤退的。
He's not a retreating man. 他就不是一个撤退的人。
‐ I now felt the full weight ‐我现在感到
of responsibility on my shoulders. 肩上的责任很重。
‐ You will go after Lee. ‐你去追击李将军。
You will go after him until he's finished. 你要一直追击，直到他完蛋。
‐ It all depends on you. -这就看你的了。
‐ Gentlemen. -先生们。
‐ Come on, boys! Let's move out! -来吧，小伙子们！出发！
1864年五月7日，弗吉尼亚，荒野地带，
‐ After two days of the most brutal, 在弗吉尼亚荒野进行了两天 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
vicious fighting in the Wilderness of Virginia, 最残酷、最凶狠的战斗后， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
soldiers of the Army of the Potomac 北军的波托马克方面军
and their opposite numbers 和南军的
in the Army of Northern Virginia 北弗吉尼亚方面军的士兵
had fought themselves to a standstill. 已经打得呆若木鸡了。
Usually when a standstill like that happened, 通常情况下，一旦出现这样的停顿，
the result was that the Union army 北方联邦军队就会收拾行囊，
would pack its bags and go back across the Rapidan River, 渡过拉皮丹河返回，
as it had happened literally one year before 就像一年前的
at the battle of Chancellorsville. 钱斯勒斯维尔战役一样。
The question in the minds of these soldiers was, 这些士兵心中的问题是，
"What direction is Ulysses Grant “尤利西斯·格兰特会带着我们
going to take us?" 往哪个方向走?”
‐ In war, anything is better than indecision. ‐在战争中，任何事情都比优柔寡断好。
We must decide. 我们必须决定。
If I am wrong,we shall soon find out 如果我错了，我们很快就会知道，
and can do the other thing. 然后再做另一件事。
Not to decide may ruin everything. 不做决定可能会毁了一切。
‐ And so Grant arrives at the critical intersection -因此，格兰特现在已到了在荒原地带的关键的“交叉路口”，
in the Wilderness if he was going to move farther south 如果格兰特想进一步向南行军，
around Lee's flank, 绕过李将军的侧翼，
seizing the strategic initiative 就能掌握战略主动性， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
to threaten the Confederate capital, Richmond. 威胁南方邦联“首都”，里士满。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
‐ The soldiers were waiting to see, ‐士兵们都在等着看，
"What direction is he going to take? “他要往哪个方向走?
"If he turns to the left, “如果他转向左边，
"we're gonna be retreating back across the river. “我们就会撤退到河对岸。
"If he turns right, “如果他向右转，
that means we're heading south." 那就意味着我们在往南走。”
‐ We're going south! -我们往南边走！
‐ Heading south? ‐ To Richmond. -向南了？ -去了里士满。
‐ Richmond? ‐ To Richmond. -里士满？ -去里士满了。
‐ We're heading south.‐ We're headed south! ‐我们往南走。‐我们往南走!
‐ Suddenly, to their astonishment, ‐突然间，令他们惊讶的是， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
they're all wheeling around to the south. 他们都转向了南方。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
And it took tremendous courage and tremendous 格兰特需要巨大的
personal fortitude on Grant's part 勇气和毅力，
because Union casualties were higher at the Wilderness 因为联邦军在荒野地带的伤亡
than Confederate casualties... 比南方的伤亡要高…
but Grant always had this ultimate faith in victory. 但格兰特始终对胜利抱有终极信念
And I think that there are certain generals in history, 我认为，历史上有一些将军，
when they have that faith in victory, 当他们对胜利有信心时，
it's something that communicates itself 这种信念就会传达
to the troops. 给军队。
‐ At Wilderness, that is a tactical loss, ‐在荒野之战，这是战术上的损失，
and yet Grant stands at those crossroads 然而格兰特站在十字路口说，
and goes, "This is not a loss. “这不是损失。
This is the first step to the end of the war." 这是结束战争的第一步。”
So as he heads south,Grant will fight 当格兰特向南进发时，
in a scope and scale beyond anybody's experience. 他的作战范围和规模，将超出任何人的经验。
We actually see the changing character of war here. 我们实际上看到了战争性质的变化。
Technology starts to be a big part of it: 科技开始在其中扮演重要角色: （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
steam engines, ironclads, 蒸汽机,装甲, （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
railroads, telegraph. 铁路，电报。
However, there is this unchanging nature of war. 然而，战争的本质是不变的。
It's still a clash of wills. 这仍然是意志的冲突。
There's still fear and interest. 让人充满了恐惧和兴趣。
There's still hope about what might happen. 对于可能发生的事情还是有希望的
When you think about the Civil War, 当你想到内战时，
we say that Confederates are fighting 我们说南部联盟军是为了
for hearth and home 家乡和家庭而战，
and for this cause of a Southern way of life. 是为了南方的生活方式的事业而战。
Well, look at what the Northerners 那么，再看看北方人，
are fighting for. 为什么而战。
Think about all those people. 想想那些人。
They're fighting for this idea. 他们正在为这个理想而战。
The nation is new. 为了这个新国家。
We're largely made up of immigrants. 我们主要由移民组成。
They have come here because they've seen 他们来到这里，因为他们看到了
what it's like in the Old World. 旧世界是什么样子。
And that idea that all men are created equal... 而人人生而平等的观念…
if it doesn't exist here, it doesn't exist anywhere. 如果它不存在于此，它也不存在于任何地方。
And therefore, they're willing to fight. 因此，他们愿意战斗。
‐ The greatest enthusiasm was inspired by the fact ‐最大的热情是由
that the movement was south. 向南进军的事实激发的。
‐ Headed to Richmond! -直插里士满！
‐ We're going south, boys! -我们南下，小伙子们！
‐ It indicated to the men that they had passed through -这表明，他们已经开始走向
the beginning of the end. 结束战争的的道路。
There would be no turning back. 不再有回头路了。
翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 下集预告
‐ Advance! -前进！
‐ Hold on with a bulldog grip. -像斗牛犬一般紧紧抓牢。
Chew and choke as much as possible. 吃得越多，越容易噎着。
‐ We've got Lee in a box, General. -将军，我们把李关在箱子里了。
‐ Go after him. -去追击他。
I regard it as my duty 我认为这是我的职责
by asking of you the surrender 向你们请求
of the Confederate States Army. 联盟军队的投降。
President Lincoln has been shot. 林肯总统被枪杀了。
‐ The country having just emerged ‐这个国家刚刚从一场大叛乱中
from a great rebellion, 恢复过来，
I ask patient forbearance, 我请求大家彼此忍耐，
one toward another,cementing a happy union. 以巩固一个幸福的联盟。
格兰特 翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick